Orchard Network

Pre-planting

Correct planting is crucial to a tree's long-term survival. If not carried out correctly the tree may struggle or die, no matter how good the aftercare.

Pattern and density

In an existing orchard, new trees should fit in with the existing planting pattern. However, it may be necessary to plant to one side of the original planting hole to reduce the risk of disease. Planting densities depend on the tree species and ground conditions: apples are generally planted 8-10 metres apart, pears and cherries further apart still, while plums can be planted more densely.

Time of year

Bare-rooted trees should be planted from November to March, when they are not in leaf. The roots need to be kept cool and moist before planting. Container trees can be planted throughout the year, but if planted in the summer they will need a lot more watering. Planting should not be carried out during periods of frost.

Planting the tree

First, clear vegetation in a one-metre circle. Maidens can be notch-planted, larger trees require a hole that will accommodate the roots without bending them. Keep the topsoil and subsoil separate. A short stake 30 cm above ground level will allow the tree to flex and strengthen the trunk and roots.

Next, put in the tree and backfill the soil around the roots so it is level with the root collar, overfilling the hole a bit to allow for the soil settling. Fertiliser or organic matter shouldn’t be necessary. Water regularly and thoroughly for the first few weeks and any dry spells during the next year.

Guards

Guards will be required to protect trees from grazing livestock and wild animals, which eat the leaves and bark, and rub against the tree. Check guards regularly as the trees grow, and adjusted if they are causing the tree any damage.

Weed control

Competition for water and nutrients can severely affect trees, particularly when young. Therefore, keep a one metre circle around the tree clear of grass and weeds for at least three years after planting, preferably by applying a thick mulch.

Ongoing management

Once trees are established, the sward can be allowed to grow up to the trunk, and there should be no need to apply fertilisers. Guards should be maintained for at least 10 years. Mature trees may also require protection from livestock.

Downloads

Planting & Establishing PDF - Download the full guide