Orchard Network

Formative pruning is the initial pruning of a young tree to develop a balanced shape with strong branches that will support heavy fruit crops. The aim is to develop an open, balanced network of strong, unshaded branches above the height of grazing livestock and machinery. Prune trees to the shape and style of those found locally. The amount of pruning will vary according to the variety and rootstock of the fruit tree. Stone fruits do not respond as well to continuous pruning and should be pruned as little as possible.
 

Tree Form

Although there are local variations, tree form can generally be broken down into three main sections;
• the trunk, the initial central leader which forms the main stem of the tree.
• framework branches, permanent major limbs which radiate out from the trunk
• lateral branches, smaller side branches coming from the framework branches which bear leaves and fruit and are pruned and renewed on a regular basis.

Forming a trunk

Trunk formation is important as it allows for livestock grazing. The height of the trunk (ie the point where the first branches start) depends on the type of stock grazing the field: normally between 1.5-2 m is sufficient for sheep and cattle. On half-standard trees, the framework branches arch upwards in place of the trunk to create a multi-stemmed tree.

Forming the framework branches

The aim is to have 4-8 secondary leaders which resemble the spokes of a wheel when viewed from above. These will form the framework from which fruit-bearing side branches will develop. At the required height, select several secondary leaders that have formed wide, strong angles with the trunk and remove the rest. These may be staggered up the trunk. The central leader can also be removed or left in place. This is not a regimented process and different styles and shapes of tree have developed around the country.

Forming the lateral branches

This begins after about 10 years when the emphasis of pruning moves towards maintenance pruning, the development of fruit bearing growth.

Formative Pruning PDF - download the full guide